MRF polishing technology is the use of a magnetorheological fluid rheology

Abrasive magnetic fluid in the case of an external magnetic field without the performance of a general fluid state, has a good fluidity, and once it is applied to the external magnetic field will rapidly increase the viscosity, exhibit solid-like properties, which is a liquid abrasive magnetic rheology. Currently MRF polishing  synthetic diamond powder  the use of a magneto-rheological fluid rheology, but the technology is also limited to optical lenses, ceramics, glass and some other non-metallic materials, parts of the surface grinding. This thesis is in the full use of  Abrasive grinding  abrasive fluid rheology basis, in order to achieve the metallic materials, especially  Diamond blade  parts of the surface finishing, while presenting a liquid magnetic abrasive finishing technologies. By analyzing the composition of liquid and characteristics of magnetic abrasive, abrasive magnetic fluid obtained finishing machining technique works.

Abrasive is to combine a boehmite, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium nitrate combined with the product

Abrasives grown in an aqueous gel abrasive abrasive technology has been considered a big step forward. Ministry of Industry abrasive early in the 1980s began using sol-gel processing method to generate an abrasive. Mineral technology manager explained, The abrasive is to combine a boehmite, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium nitrate  polycrystalline diamond  product. Magnesium nitrate is used as a modifier. These gel generated on the liquid taken out, allowed the formation of massive precipitate. then it is crushed into a desired size. And finally into the furnace calcination. This has been improved, like the very dense ceramic corundum abrasive as new. The sol-gel method of the production of  synthetic diamond  corundum normal  abrasive grinding  compared to the advantages of a gel abrasive after calcination in the broken, thus eliminating the micro-cracks. Abrasive micro-cracks on the grinding pressure, causing premature wear of the main factors abrasive.

Abrasives Abrasives Company as an example to corporate tax planning for diagnostic studies

Abrasives company is state-owned enterprises from the past of modern enterprise system from the restructuring abrasives business, business tax planning lack of due attention, do not attach importance to the use of modern enterprise financial system, leading to high cost of corporate tax, the lack of financial competition advantage. This thesis is divided into five chapters, for example on the company Abrasives Abrasives  synthetic diamond  for diagnostic studies. The first chapter of the world and China Abrasives production and development trend analysis, the use of the five competitive  synthetic diamond powder  analysis of the abrasives industry competition, combined with the characteristics of the industry for the abrasives industry conditions, industry tax analysis of the characteristics; the second chapter reviews the related research and foreign tax planning, tax planning summed up the basic theory, combined with characteristics of abrasives industry, analysis of the use of tax planning; abrasives company's operating condition, tax features, and then combined with enterprise systems analysis features the BG abrasives company tax planning space;

Abrasive abrasive bending theory and design

Consider the workpiece from the initial processing to the sphere in the process of removal of the paraboloid and to establish the mathematical model and the ideal state derived abrasive density trend. Bending theory expounded abrasive and grinding tools, design,  abrasive wheels  of the abrasive abrasive on uneven density distribution method. The use of such  abrasive grinding  density abrasive grinding test results are analyzed and the theoretical calculation of worn grinding parabolic  synthetic diamond , the same as the general conditions using abrasive uniform density results, the conclusion is : the calculated density abrasive trend is positive, and the use of production based on this theory for parabolic speed grinding abrasive, abrasive wear can reduce the degree of unevenness, reducing the number of abrasive trimming.

Abrasive water jet theory and research status, proposed hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive water jet system model

Engineered and tested hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive water jet equipment prototypes. Come up with a site can be used for disaster relief, and penetration, crushing various materials (such as steel, steel, concrete, rock, etc.) hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive water jet way and equipment. This paper discusses the abrasive water jet  abrasive grinding  theoretical and research status, proposed hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive water jet system model, and use the theory of transient flow system is analyzed. Hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive waterjet system uses a small horizontal  lycrystalline diamond  abrasive chamber confining pressure from environmental media on the resistance caused by the jet. Environmental conditions at high confining pressure dynamic pressure under the jet axis apparent than in the non-confining pressure decay much faster;

High-pressure water jet rock breaking theory and its application in underground engineering basic research

Traditional abrasive water jet technology pump pressure, high cost, energy consumption, bulky and sophisticated system, not suitable for the application of post-disaster rescue scene. By the National Natural Science Foundation of Innovative Research Groups fund "high-pressure water jet rock breaking theory and its application in  abrasive wheels  engineering basic research" and the nation-building project level Graduate Students relying on the traditional premixed abrasive water jet  synthetic diamond  proposed a new type of hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive water jet formation mechanism and equipment for research; built hydraulic squeeze-type abrasive water jet system model; carry out the system's abrasive jet formation mechanism and abrasive nozzle wear mechanisms visualization experiments research;

Abrasive water jet cutting mechanism and key techniques of engineering ceramics research is still far from fully

Processed with special high quality and high performance of the new engineering ceramic products. It is widely used in machinery, electronics, aerospace, defense industry, bio-engineering and other fields. At present, China in abrasive waterjet  synthetic diamond powder  ceramics mechanism and key technology research is far from sufficient, domestic Abrasive water jet equipment mainly rely on imports. Furthermore, since the lack of abrasive water jet cutting depth study of the mechanism, the introduction of  synthetic diamond  has not been fully utilized, processed products of quality, efficiency and cost associated with the developed countries there is a large gap. Therefore, this study and further promote the implementation of the outcome, will increase the processing capacity of engineering ceramic products and expand the application fields of engineering ceramics.

Effect was due to the size of its impact will be reflected in the Raman spectrum in the mouth in order to properly assess the amount of deformation resistance

Result can be that the amount of the lattice constant is almost the particle size in recent years not only for decorative processing of diamond, regardless of the value was constant. And not in the cutting tool, coating, cooling plate, the speaker on a variety of all-just the right size pink blanket bundle lattice constant hatred in cubic boron nitride ​​vibrating plate spinning, optical windows and other areas have been widely used. Wave convergence, the half amplitude of the Bragg Raman spectroscopy showed FIG Eagle widely used size of the crystalline diamond film crystal fertile synthetic diamond between the half roundworm towers Movies County deformation degree and assessments. If the thin film thickness, the deformation of the movement curve will increase the Raman. Moreover, since the size effect had its impact will be reflected in the Raman spectrum in the mouth in order to properly assess the amount of deformation resistance, it is necessary to know the size effect of leaving the Raman spectrum changes causes.

Diamond powder and the former Soviet Union rather refined round of diamond powder

Static synthetic diamond powder catalyst method best carbon discussion Zhu Jiayong , Liu Zhongxiao , Zhang Xiao Xu , Xu Yumin ( Jilin Institute of Metallurgy ) ( rock graphite mine ) Abstract discovered a Type 3R content of up to about 30%, the degree of graphitization up to 94 % natural specialty graphite and successfully implemented with static method to touch coal direct synthesis of natural graphite diamond powder .diamond graphite conversion rate as high as 47 percent, complete crystal rate 76.2% , and so on more than 98% plot type , shape and type Ⅳ United States and the former Soviet Union refined diamond powder of diamond powder quite rounded , this paper introduces the best kinds of synthetic diamond powder specialty  polycrystalline diamond  main characteristics of natural and synthetic diamond powder used in the test situation . Introduction In the static pressure  Diamond blade  of diamond production , despite a lot of work , developed a variety of special graphite, transform a variety of ingredients, the development of new catalysts , and  Synthetic diamond  synthesis process parameters and process , graphite a diamond the conversion rate has been low ( 10% to 20% ) , severely restricts the diamond yield improvement and cost reduction. For this problem, in recent years to seek the best carbon source to do some work, made ​​with natural specialty graphite as carbon catalyst method using hydrostatic successful direct synthesis of diamond powder .

Has a very low turn-on and field emission threshold field strength, a large field emission current density and higher emission stability

Nanotubes having a smaller radius of curvature, the larger the aspect ratio, high conductivity, excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability, etc., making it ideal for field emission cathode material. The earliest research on carbon nanotube field emission is De Heer WA reported in 1995 in Science magazine published, followed by a large number of studies have shown that it has a very low turn-on and field polycrystalline diamond field strength, and a big field emission current density, and higher emission stability. Prepared using carbon nanotube field emission electron source  abrasive wheels  type flat panel display prototypes. Then there are some of the research team successfully demonstrated based on synthetic diamond powder as electron sources such as X-ray tube practical vacuum microelectronic devices. These devices are the core of the production process of an efficient carbon nanotube field emission cathode production. About CNT field emission cathode production there are three main methods: chemical vapor deposition, and electrophoretic assembly of printed carbon nanotube paste.

By electrophoresis approach makes superfine diamond deposition obtained at the cathode, carbon nanotube composite materials with ultrafine diamond

Field emission cathode materials research has attracted the eyes of many researchers . The field emission cathode for now , most of the reported a mere carbon nanotube film and diamond film . Carbon nanotubes have been shown to have good field emission characteristics , but also has a negative superfine diamond affinity and low . Therefore, considering the above factors , the ultrafine diamond carbon  cutting tools  and field emission properties of the material has a certain significance . In the preparation of synthetic materials , considering the ultrafine diamond in some organic solvents as its surface will absorb some of the charged ions , it will take a weak voltage. So make way through electrophoresis  synthetic diamond powder  deposition on the cathode to get this diamond ultrafine carbon nanotubes with the preparation of synthetic materials has important significance. Electrophoresis method used in the experiment , the diamond superfine the cathode substrate, thereby preparing a synthetic material , such an  Diamond blade  the PECVD method of carbon nanotubes on a substrate and the diamond growth ultrafine synthetic materials compared to more economical simple and practical, and easier to control . Final testing of field emission characteristics of the samples , and a comparative analysis with separate layers deposited ultrafine diamond , diamond film and field emission properties of carbon nanotube film .

Electrophoresis deposition of diamond coating sol charged ions in the applied electric field

Studied by electrophoresis on a silicon tip arrays powder layer deposited on the surface of diamond emblem made ​​of gold mesh Shinoda large area field emission arrays stone field emission characteristics . electrophoresis deposition diamond coating sol charged ions under the action of an abrasive grinding field, along with its electrodes of opposite polarity charge on the migration direction, a phenomenon known as cutting tools electrophoresis solution preparation: in deionized water, one drop of weak acid, the PH value of the solution was about 5. then, put Kim Assistant abrasive wheels , particle size of about 0.25 emblem meters and with it his power ultrasound solution mixing, preparation of a good electrophoretic fluid is milky white. electrophoresis process: anode electrophoresis electrophoresis pieces to be coated silicon tip arrays, materials an N-type, a sharp density of 25.

Vacuum microelectronics research hotspot collar city, and has been rocking on the field emission flat panel display applications

Diamond has many excellent properties especially, such as high hardness, high thermal conductivity, high chemical stability foot, etc., in the electrical performance, because it unique "negative electron affinity", it has a low work function, thus mention that the ideal field emission cathode material in recent years become a leading city of synthetic diamond powder research hotspot, and has been rocking on the field emission flat panel display applications for mattress; but most researchers in plasma  synthetic diamond deposition of polycrystalline diamond films for the study, the field emission characteristics are not satisfactory, mainly the presence of the starting field emission high emission current density is small.

Coating flaking and failure, which in turn resulted in high-speed steel coated tool performance deficiencies of instability

As a common high-speed steel cutting tool material, due to have a good process , strength, toughness and other advantages are still in use , especially in complex -shaped cutter blade manufacture and use has always dominant , but the high-speed steel cutting tools and carbide tools compared in terms of hardness , red hardness , wear resistance and so there are deficiencies, which restricts its use is more widespread in the late 1970s , the emergence of coated high speed steel cutting tools , only a fundamental change in the high-speed steel cutting tools , high speed steel to effectively solve the defects and deficiencies , but the coating thickness of the coated high  abrasive wheels  tools are limited , internal coating is easy to produce a large residual stress cracks , the coating flaking and failure,  cutting tools  resulting in high speed steel coated tool performance instability defects and shortcomings of higher prices in recent years, the application of nano-materials research has been involved in a number of areas , and have achieved more  grinding wheel  , which has become a priority research developed countries one of the hot authors utilize nanoscale diamond heat impregnation technique will speed steel cutting tools to strengthen the surface , the prepared tool has high strength, high hardness, high ductility , impact resistance , difficult corrosion, wear resistance, no penetration interface, ultra-fine grain material gradient tool , and this cutting tools do further research .

Metallic material by nano-diamond Hot Dip treatment, the hardness and wear resistance in the end, what changes have occurred

Conventional chemical treatment methods such as carburizing , nitriding , carbonitriding , etc., using a carbon , nitrogen atoms penetration into the material , especially metal sub-surface , thus changing the surface hardness, wear resistance and other mechanical properties. Although such treatment methods with lower production costs , but there are some drawbacks , such as handling complex process,  polycrystalline diamond  high hardness and wear resistance is not improved after treatment material permeable layer shallow, generally only tens to hundreds of micrometers , and nitrided layer interfacial bonding force is small, easy to peel , etc. The diamond as the hardest material in nature , its hardness and wear resistance has been widely recognized, and nanodiamond osmosis treatment process easy and  synthetic diamond powder , equipment requirements are not very high, penetration depth can be more than 20mm, processed steel structure and performance have undergone great changes. metallic material by impregnation nanodiamond heat treatment, the hardness and wear resistance in the end , what changes have occurred is unclear . article two kinds of metal materials , respectively  grinding wheel  treatment, the comparative experiments , the main test by nano-diamond heat treated metal material impregnated with the hardness and wear resistance are improved than carburizing treatment and observation and analysis of its microstructure changes that have occurred . choose one of two experimental conditions and methods of experimental material .

Material surface treatment in many ways, but its essence is substantially the same, all by changing the organizational structure of the surface material

Surface modification of metallic materials There are many ways , more traditional methods such as carburizing, carbonitriding , ion precipitation penetration, thermal spray technology , electroless plating technology, laser surface modification technology, although the material surface treatment in many ways, but is substantially the same, are the surface by changing the material structure in order to achieve the requirements . Briefly , chemical treatment processes are basically the chemical reaction medium , the diffusion boundary layer , surface adsorption and diffusion  Abrasive grinding  reaction and the process of four separate sub- component , but four processes associated with each other , each constraints are indispensable. Although these techniques mentioned above have many advantages, already in production and daily life have been widely used , and has achieved great results , but there are also  synthetic diamond  or penetration effect confined near the surface and other issues , the effect can not reach certain technical  Diamond blade . Such as the use of thermal spray technology to change the surface properties of materials , although the technology has a variety of base material for spraying , the cost is relatively low , significant economic benefits , etc., but there are also coated impact resistance and corrosion resistance is not high, the spraying process on the environment and harmful to the operator and other shortcomings . Another example carburizing treatment , although simple process, but relatively shallow depth of penetration , and thus in the actual production has significant limitations.

Discharge parameters that affect the dressing efficiency, trimming precision grinding wheel dressing effect and the key factor in performance

Ultra-precision grinding wheel diamond powder is ultra-precision machining technology research focus . The use of diamond powder grinding wheel for engineering ceramics and other brittle materials for ultra- precision grinding , grinding and polishing  synthetic diamond  the need , not only to meet the machining accuracy and surface quality requirements , but also greatly improve productivity and reduce processing costs. Ultra- precision grinding wheel diamond powder one of the key technologies of diamond powder dresser . EDM trimming method is an cubic boron nitride metal bond diamond powder wheel approach. Diamond grinding wheel dressing spark experiments showed that: discharge parameters that affect the dressing efficiency , trimming precision grinding wheel sharpening effects and performance of one of the key factors , thus finishing with a spark pulse power is very important. A metal-bonded diamond powder  polycrystalline diamond  dressing spark pulse power requirements analysis , including wheel dressing shaping and sharpening two parts. Shaping its axis of rotation of the grinding wheel surface satisfy certain geometric relationships between , for flat grinding wheel grinding wheel is to ensure roundness and cylindricity . Dressing is to make the surface of the abrasive wheel protruding to form a sharp cutting edge and the chip space .

Common use of mechanical grinding method for removing surface grinding wheel dressing blunt to resume grinding capacity

Ultrafine grained metal bonded superabrasive grinding wheel to achieve hard and brittle materials, precision and ultra-precision grinding is the recent emergence of a new processing technologies. Metal-based grinding wheel wear resistance and rigidity, but abrasive wheels . In general grinding wheel using mechanical methods for removing blunt surface finishing, grinding ability to regain it. However, this method is used for metal-based powder grinding wheel dressing superabrasive inefficient, and mechanical  Synthetic diamond  wheel dressing metal matrix binder Delta left behind, making the rear angle is zero and makes abrasive friction increases, which for powder Grinding is particularly affected. Different from  Abrasive grinding wheel  wheel, metal bond diamond wheel dressing powder shaping and sharpening into two stages. Electrolysis can also be used for shaping metal bonded grinding wheel, but due to the electrochemical reaction on the spark gap is not sensitive to the reaction, and the presence of chemical products of electrolysis shaping more complex, so the electrolytic shaping precision not high enough.

In order to obtain a surface roughness of a mirror surface, the wheel more favorable low rigidity

Rigidity support abrasive shape accuracy and surface roughness to ensure high shape accuracy of the wheel should be as rigid as possible. However, in order to obtain a surface roughness of a mirror surface, the wheel is more advantageous low rigidity. synthetic diamond powder the perspective of a rigid tool, ultra-precision mirror grinding requirements are contradictory. Rigid metal bonded grinding wheel, to ensure favorable shape accuracy, but it is not easy processing of the degree of synthetic diamond of the mirror, dressing difficult to achieve this level, the grinding accuracy and rigidity requirements are very demanding. High elasticity of the resin binder, with vibration absorption, and easy to make highly uniform cutting edge prominent; resin grinding wheel during grinding abrasive rotary phenomenon occurs with authigenesis effect.

With the decoration industry continues to develop, on the shape and size of stone products have become increasingly demanding

With the decoration industry continues to develop, on the shape and size of stone products have become increasingly demanding. A large number of CNC and automated processing  polycrystalline diamond  stone processing industry, decorative stone processing technology is generally divided into:  abrasive grinding  - coarse - fine grinding - grinding. Among them, the fine grinding and fine grinding stone restricting processing efficiency and accuracy of the main factors that also affect the CNC machine tools in the stone  Diamond blade  the main reason for the popularity. Therefore, the study grinding process has very important significance. Introduce a lot of information about Granite Grinding Mechanism, little about the actual production of grinding process.

Abrasive wear resistance sheet specimens, other materials can also be used to determine the sample plate or sheet Abrasive wear resistance

Rolling wear test is the so-called wheel disc at a predetermined load in contact with the rotating condition, so that the sample be worn, and measured the amount of wear tests. This method is suitable for the determination of plastic plates, sheets and  cutting tools  wear resistance,  cubic boron nitride  can also be used to determine the plate or sheet specimens abrasive wear resistance. The rolling wear tester used by the rotating disc, grinding wheel, loading device, abrasive dust  Polycrystalline diamond , repair wheel drive and other components. Economy, productivity, pleasant degree and green management, etc.; greenness on the grinding process evaluation system and evaluation methods were studied, pointing out that the system's modules and evaluation standards and methods;

Copper bonded diamond grinding wheel for ceramic tile trim, have a longer service life

Copper bonded diamond grinding wheel for ceramic tile trim, have a longer life, less prone to crimping ceramic defects, but trimmed smoothness over resin bond diamond  synthetic diamond . Metal bonded diamond grinding wheel machining ceramics, rough surface, chipping, chipping serious, product processing quality is not high. Resin bonded diamond tools  grinding wheel  resin and polyimide as a binding agent, has a good grinding characteristics of smoothness, but the common drawback is poor in heat resistance is not durable in the preparation and use of the process on  cutting tools  and operate personnel hazards; polyimide heat resistance than phenolic resin, but its price is higher, the high cost of preparing diamond tools, and more for large feed coarse carbide and other materials. In addition, the resin bond diamond tools, while preparing convenient, but secondary curing time-consuming long, resulting in the production cycle is too long.

AZS fused refractories has compact structure, high thermal stability, good wear resistance

Fused refractories is to meet directly after high temperature melting and casting process to produce materials, due to general electric arc furnace melting batch, so the cast molded product called fused products. Successfully developed a cast AZS, in the early 1950s, the use of industrial materials alumina instead of impurities developed cast AZS oxidation process, the formation of fused zirconia corundum refractories. AZS  synthetic diamond powder  has compact structure, high thermal stability,  Diamond blade , corrosion resistance and other characteristics, and its successful development and application of glass from the industrial development has played a particularly important role, greatly improving the glass  abrasive wheels , extend the life of liquid glass furnaces, has greatly improved the glass manufacturer's technical and economic indicators. Currently, the glass tank furnaces liquid contact with the glass wall and bottom and other parts, widely used at home and abroad AZS masonry, float glass production line of its glass furnace melting parts of the parapet, a small mouth, oblique neck strings, end of the wall, the wall, corner, initial layer are made of corrosion-resistant zirconium corundum refractories.

Initial wear stage, normal wear and rapid wear stage stage

Metal cutting process, tool wear is bound to happen . Although a variety of tool wear , wear different reasons . But the tool wear process have a common feature, namely the tool wear process can be divided into three stages: the initial wear stage , normal wear stage and rapid wear stage . Only to find a different cutting tool , cutting conditions in different tool wear and machined surface quality variation of children , in order to provide  synthetic diamond  cutting basis, and further grinding wheel of the metal cutting process [ the effective control of the state . To explore the process of cemented carbide tool wear machined surface quality variation , as well as the process of tool wear of the blade edge radius change and its impact on the quality of the machined surface , the author conducted a carbide  cubic boron nitride  alloy tool wear process and change the machined surface quality Tong experimental study , the choice of Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide plant YDOS grades of carbide cutting tools , tool first universal tool grinder on the sand with a resin bonded diamond grinding wheel , and the grinding synthetic diamond grinding machine with green grinding.

Tool wear in the form of tool wear of the tool in the normal cutting process

Tool wear in the form of tool wear is the cutting tool is in the normal process, due to physical or chemical action, the tool has the effect of wear. In the cutting process, the tool rake face and flank face with chip and workpiece, and generates  polycrystalline diamond , while in the contact  synthetic diamond powder  high temperature and pressure. Therefore, as for the cutting, before the flank wear will occur. Tool wear has the following three forms. The rake face of tool wear shape wear (crater wear) in the cutting of plastic material, if the cutting speed and cutting large thickness tends to grind the surface of the first crescent knife.

Involute tooth profile with a line and an arc tooth meshing characteristics uneven contact with the advantages of tooth profile

In recent years we have developed a line meshing gear, both with involute tooth profile wire meshing characteristics but also has a convex arc tooth profile tooth contacts advantages. Theoretical and experimental research results will now be summarized as follows.cubic boron nitride profile of the original conditions to take the tool  synthetic diamond powder  for the axis line Z, to take over the node straight lines perpendicular to the centerline axis evening, and take the top of the tooth profile is positive, the roots tooth profile is negative. Let the original  cutting tools  equation is creating "f (x) (15) Thus, the wire meshing tooth profile is the first condition of the original tooth tooth profile curve to be symmetrical about the origin, the original f (a x) = a f (x) (16) line of the second tooth profile of the original tooth profile of the conditions to be continuous monotonic rise function.

Class of non-circular gear design and manufacturing is no longer a bottleneck in the application

Non-circular gear transmission mechanism can achieve variable ratio transmission, suitable for printing, textile, agricultural machinery, instrumentation and other areas where a non-uniform motion, but because of its pitch curve and the computational complexity of the tooth profile design, 3D modeling and processing difficulties,  Synthetic diamond  been universal. In recent years, with CAD / CAM and CNC machining technology, the rapid development of non-circular gear design and processing class is no longer a bottleneck in the application, its advantages increasingly being played.  Abrasive grinding  non-circular gear mechanism is an eccentric cylindrical gear and its conjugate composed of a non-circular gear, the agency using the eccentric gear outside conjugated non-circular gears meshing to achieve non-uniform  Diamond blade , select the appropriate amount of eccentricity and center distance to form the desired non-uniform transmission ratio and angle relationship. The reason capstan eccentric gear, the eccentric gear may be used because the general manufacturing method, the processing is easy, and low cost. Many scholars of non-circular gear is designed to do the research on computer-aided design of oval gear research on non-circular gear pitch curve design theory has been studied;

Gear is an important quality indicators

Conjugate tooth profile of the slip rate is the relative sliding of two arc tooth profile and the tooth profile over the limit of the ratio of arc length. Slip ratio is larger, more serious tooth wear, friction loss also, it is an important quality gear indicator. Sliding engagement means zero rate of pure rolling between the tooth surface, it would reduce the friction between the teeth and wear. Engagement means such slip rate constant under the conditions of a pressure of the tooth profile of polycrystalline diamond , good tooth. In this paper, a rack meshing tool for the media on the plane of zero slip sliding engagement drive and wait for the theoretical derivation. The proposed: parameters via a toothed rack cutter  abrasive grinding of a sliding catch rates of tooth profile, two drawn flat rigid sliding engagement zero does not exist in the conclusions of the tooth profile, three other proposed slip rate of the presence of tooth profile vehicles range. Discussion only symmetrical tooth rack tooth profile conjugate tooth profile, because only this tooth profile greater practical significance.

According to the different processing technology is mainly divided into the following three categories: roll method sheets, thick flakes and paper pulp France France flakes

Tobacco sheet, also known as reconstituted tobacco, is tobacco stems, tobacco dust, such as shredded tobacco cigarette tobacco produced during machining material,  grinding wheel  and chemical means to be reassembled made ​​use of tobacco products. According to the different processing technology is mainly divided into the following three categories: roll method sheets, thick flakes and paper pulp France France flakes.  synthetic diamond production of tobacco sheet mainly dominated tobacco sheet of paper making, paper making tobacco sheet bulk of its good  Diamond blade and good resistance and good processability characteristics of gaining the favor of the world tobacco industry, and its applications are also increasingly The more extensive.

Computers in the heat treatment applied research in the field of increasingly active

The application of heat treatment has a long history, but in practice there are still not able to produce satisfactory results, mainly in two aspects: first, low productivity and high cost; second rejection rate, economic poor. As part of its internal heat treatment process occurs very complex physical and chemical changes, so long failed to identify effective solutions. Development and application of  polycrystalline diamond  to solve these problems provided the conditions. Computers in the heat treatment applied research in the field of increasingly active. Heat treatment applied to the field of computer technology has made ​​a lot of achievements, which greatly promoted the development of heat treatment technology.  synthetic diamond  technology is a key technology areas. Vacuum heat treatment expert system is a computer technology, artificial intelligence technology and  abrasive wheels  technology integration of the product, they will apply to vacuum heat treatment and vacuum heat treatment process optimization control of process parameters on the conventional vacuum heat treatment technology can achieve quantitative, intelligent oriented and precise control.

Non-smooth surface structure theory is the theoretical basis of bionic PDC bits

Smooth surface structure is not typical soil animals have the following properties: adhesion, resistance slow, high strength, good wear resistance. First, Mole, earthworms, beetles and other soil animals typical example of the animal's bionic system.  synthetic diamond powder  structure theory is the theoretical basis of bionic PDC bits. Based on past experience, to bionics theory, combined with the smoothness of PDC bits bionic theoretical model development rules,  cubic boron nitride principle. This article mainly on bionic experiment type PDC bits are introduced, while the traditional analysis and comparison of PDC bits, which can show that when the drill rock drill bit wear, friction, wear resistance and non-smooth surface structure and other properties.

Exploitation of underground resources are facing more and more difficult mining conditions, the status of mining deeper strata

The emergence of underground drilling technology resources are constantly being mined. Currently, the exploitation of underground resources are facing more and more difficult mining conditions and mining deeper strata conditions. So difficult mining  Diamond blade  not only reduce drilling efficiency, reduce service life, even destroy the drill bit. Under such adverse geological conditions,  Synthetic diamond PDC bit is not applicable. Therefore, in complex geological conditions, how to improve productivity and increase the bit extraction become a new issue in the field of drilling. In this paper, drilling technology and bionics theory, combined with PDC bit design theory and techniques are discussed.

Comparing different pilot hole diameter two-stage PDC bit bottom-hole stress field, preferably a pilot hole diameter

Downhole drilling process and after the formation of the bottom three states stress field, the preparation of the finite cubic boron nitride program. The analysis has been a series of downhole drill stress field. Contrast double-stage conventional PDC bits PDC bits and downhole stress field studies to improve its mechanical mechanism ROP. abrasive wheels  the different pilot hole diameter two-stage PDC bit bottom-hole stress field, preferably a pilot hole diameter. ② application of non-Newtonian  abrasive grinding , drill string and drill bit hydraulics hydraulics theory deduced two-stage flow distribution system of equations and parameters affecting the simplified formula, prepared a two-stage flow distribution and nozzle combination design process.

For two-stage PDC bit more comprehensive study has important significance

With the increase in deep and ultra-deep, φ311mm diameter hole section and a larger increase and improve the deep wells of large diameter section of ROP has become an urgent need to solve the main problem. Two-stage PDC bit drilled through a  polycrystalline diamond  release stress and  cubic boron nitride  free surface, effectively improve the ROP. In this paper, two-stage PDC bit more comprehensive study has important significance. ① In rock excavation and finite element theory and method, based on the established two-stage conventional PDC bits PDC bits and bottomhole finite element model. Proposed using three time steps simulated truthfully spud.

Abroad has been very importance of new cutting teeth, using different forms of cutting teeth, a variety of new products have been developed

PDC bits are geological drilling industry has been more widely used, but mainly for drilling soft to medium hard homogeneous formation, but also not suitable for drilling hard formations. Drilling workers at  cutting tools  in recent years gradually in different strata of PDC cutting teeth the best structure and the best fabric tooth design, PDC bit better for the geological drilling industries. PDC cutter PDC bit is the basic cutting units, on the merits of its structural performance PDC polycrystalline diamond  has a decisive influence. Has always attached great importance to domestic and foreign research new cutting teeth, the use of different forms of cutting teeth, has developed a variety of new products, more representative of a  Synthetic diamond , pre-chamfered edges to strengthen the tooth, a protective layer covering cutting teeth, teeth and other composite structures. In the application of certain conditions, these special cutting teeth morphology significantly improved performance.

Because rock composition, structure, mode of occurrence of different surface

Rock mechanics characteristics are the basis for geotechnical studies, because rock composition, structure, mode of occurrence of different surfaces, leading to differences in the mechanical properties of rock, for geotechnical engineering should be a combination of different environmental conditions and engineering requirements for rock physical characteristics, in order to determine the economic  polycrystalline diamond design and technical feasible engineering control measures to provide basic data. In this paper, Panzhihua Zhu mine Dongshan head deformation and failure of slope landslides example, through the structure of the surface shear slope rock mass, in situ shear, unloading and rheological rock mechanics test,abrasive wheels geological conditions, evaluated Dongshan head rock mechanical properties, recommended engineering control measures required to determine the physical and mechanical parameters and applied in practice, and achieved good results.

Downhole drill string on a very good state of motion simulation platform

In order to better study the downhole drill string motion state, the establishment of underground process simulation laboratories, downhole drill string have a good state of  synthetic diamond  platform, but the bottom of the drill string in motion by the radial and axial force and torque measurement at home and abroad without ancillary measuring equipment. Therefore, development of a set of  cubic boron nitride  measurement of the system, so that the bottom of the laboratory of the state of motion of the drill string has the ideal measurement tool. A  cutting tools  the basic structure and principle, the overall structure of the measurement system for analog drillstring range of different diameters and different specifications for, the development and adoption of hardware are: ① four-component force sensor, 2 sets of ranges are 12kN type and 4kN type; ② speed sensor; ③ signal modulation circuit;

Theory and engineering practice raised a lot about the state of motion in the underground drillstring different assumptions

For decades, research drillstring mechanics and foreign scholars based on different research objectives and methods, theory and engineering practice raised a lot about the state of motion in the underground drillstring different assumptions, of guiding  Diamond blade  for the engineering  abrasive grinding  so drillstring dynamics theory developed rapidly, but most force on the drill string and drill string movement's findings are based on theoretical analysis,cubic boron nitride and other methods come. In actual drilling equipment using existing data measured in the field with a certain one-sidedness, up from the economic considerations quite feasible.

Transformation of old wells for oilfield undertaken a research work

Transformation of old wells for oilfield undertaken a research work. Reaming drill bit for the current existing problems, this paper refer to the relevant provisions of the manual drilling,  Synthetic diamond  the existing design methods and oilfield drill specific geological conditions, the proposed drilling reaming or drilling reaming after a under conditions suitable for the job slimhole adjustable PDC drill bits, drill bits and PDC adjustable hydraulic characteristics,  polycrystalline diamond  field, the form of distribution of the teeth mechanical properties of drill and many other areas were analyzed. Reducing PDC drill bits hydraulic structures related to work performance quality and length of life.

Conduct drilling operations, under which a casing diameter will be smaller

In some fields deep within the block are still a lot of oil and gas reserves. For the development of this part of the energy, and therefore the original on the basis of the borehole drilling  cubic boron nitride  oil wells with 5 1/2 bushing diameter is ф123.7mm, if carried out on the basis of  Diamond blade , under which a casing diameter will be smaller, it is bound to the later development of oilfields with to a lot of abrasive wheels  . Therefore, the development of a demand to meet the Daqing oil field drilling, reaming or drilling reaming drill after a slimhole conditions PDC adjustable drill, the development of oil production has a very important value.

PDC impact resistance test methods are mainly heavy weights and pendulum impact shocks France France

During drilling , the drill hole wall and the friction generated between large , uneven bottom of the hole and the residual friction rock flour and other comprehensive factors make the PDC bit additional force by uncertainty , seriously affect the use effect of the use of PDC life. Determine the effect of using PDC PDC diamond layer involves not only the strength , PDC large extent the impact resistance of diamond and  ynthetic diamond  by bonding strength between the direct effects . In use , when the PDC diamond layer shedding occurs , the entire drill will be damaged . Therefore, in order to improve the bonding strength of PDC interface , designed with a variety of interfaces , plane connection PDC PDC  polycrystalline diamond methods of performance testing method and the heavy weights of the impact pendulum impact method , commonly used for the heavy weights of impact method . The business impact resistance test according to the production  Abrasive grinding , the quality of the heavy Tuo , distances to the impact . This paper mainly uses tilting heavy impact energy analyzer Tuo France PDC impact toughness test , explore and study the impact of different interface structure on PDC performance, and through analysis of polycrystalline diamond layer fracture macroscopic morphology investigate the impact of PDC failure mechanism .

Parameters such as loop element quadrilateral has effectively solved the model

Valve working on a variety of loads were analyzed to establish the corresponding mechanical model. Because of its structure and suffered loads more complicated, this article uses a  abrasive wheels  8-node quadrilateral element of the model parameters such as the ring has effectively solved. In order to improve the life of reciprocating pump cone valve, built its structural optimization mathematical model, the objective  grinding wheel  largest integrated stress on the body, including the valve without the impact of constraint conditions, the valve clearance liquid flow rate constraint, size constraints and so on. The non-linear mathematical  Diamond blade  mathematical programming. According to the characteristics of the problem, this paper uses a fast convergence, stability, good sequential quadratic programming model was effectively solved.

Lower life seriously hindered some of Drilling Oil Field

Reciprocating pump reciprocating pump valve is one of the components are easily damaged, their lower life seriously hindered some drilling oil mines, fracturing technology  synthetic diamond powder  and application, so the analysis of reciprocating pump valve the failure mechanism, and thus to optimize the parameters of its structure, the valve further promote research work, improve the life of the valve has an important  Diamond blade . Through the valve mechanism of the failure analysis of the form and, after that, the upper edge of the abrasive wear of the seal root cause spalling bulk material, but not the cause of the failure of the main valve system, valve failure is fatigue wear main mechanism.

When the PDC diamond layer shedding occurs, the entire drill will be damaged

During drilling , the drill hole wall and the friction generated between large , uneven bottom of the hole and the residual friction rock flour and other comprehensive factors make the PDC bit additional force by uncertainty , seriously affect the use effect of the use of PDC life. Determine the effect of using PDC PDC diamond layer involves not only the strength , PDC large extent the impact resistance of  synthetic diamond  substrate by bonding strength between the direct effects . In use , when the PDC diamond layer shedding occurs , the entire drill will be damaged . Therefore, in order to improve the bonding strength of PDC interface , designed with a variety of interfaces , plane connection PDC PDC impact current methods of performance testing method and the heavy weights of the impact abrasive grinding  method , commonly used for the heavy weights of impact method . The business impact resistance test according to the production characteristics, the quality of the heavy Tuo , distances to the impact . This paper mainly uses tilting heavy impact energy analyzer Tuo France PDC impact toughness test , explore and study the impact of different interface structure on PDC performance, and through analysis of polycrystalline diamond layer fracture macroscopic morphology investigate the impact of PDC failure mechanism .

PDC polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer of impact damage increasing attention has been paid

PDC to determine its impact resistance is the key to good or bad use of effects, one of which reflects the PDC toughness and bond strength, is a comprehensive performance indicators. PDC polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer of impact damage increasing attention has been paid, PDC products impact resistance can remain stable and continue to synthetic diamond powder  linked to the interests of users, each manufacturer is trying to achieve straight. PDC impact affecting performance of the main factors that can be considered from two aspects: the macro and micro  Diamond blade . In this paper, considering the macro structure, including the diamond / carbide thickness ratio, PDC radius to thickness ratio, diamond / carbide  Abrasive grinding wheel  structure and PDC mounting angle, and use them as the main factors impact resistance PDC to perform simulations and experiments . Application of ANSYS APDL language and different layer thickness ratio H, diameter and thickness T and the typical non-planar interface PDC residual thermal stress simulation and optimization, get all kinds of structures under PDC residual thermal stress magnitude, compared to optimize the PDC.

New PDC coring bit circular contour abandon the traditional knife-wing design

Bit crown design Huaqing oil region to massive sandstone reservoir, ranging from thick mudstone  polycrystalline diamond , sand and wide distribution, thickness, drilling, and no gravel strata belonging to medium hardness, wear and tear with the other principles and other principles of combining cutting crown profile design, the new PDC  cubic boron nitride  contour abandon the traditional knife-wing design, with flat double-arc design, schematic cross section of drill bits PDC cutter contour selection based on  grinding wheel  being drilled lithological features, choose the 13mm diameter composite sheet as the main PDC cutting elements, select the taper of 30 ° of the new tines PDC PDC for the auxiliary.

Difficulty in retaining hole blocking, low pore

Currently, the situ leachable sandstone-type uranium deposits of uranium exploration in China has become the main type deposits. Our situ leachable sandstone-type polycrystalline diamond  exploration areas are mainly located in the north of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins, drilling, construction difficult, the production of the main problems are: (1) rock cores taken low; (2) Drilling Protection blocking difficulties into the hole low; (3) hole accidents; (4) drilling efficiency is low, construction costs are high; (5) eggs conglomerate drilling difficult. "Loose rock coring" and "gravel drilling" is a basin-situ leachable sandstone-type synthetic diamond of two important problems. Thesis topics from the Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau "fifteen" uranium geology research project "situ leachable  cubic boron nitride  uranium deposits loose rock coring technology research and its applications", introduces the author in recent years, "loose rock coring technique research "and" gravel coring technology research, "Some aspects of the research carried out and achieved some results.

Gradually carried out a study PDC bit drilling hard rock, and with the bottom driver made ​​a good effect

Oil and gas drilling industry, rock into soft, medium, hard three categories, a total of 10 indicators can be drilled, drilling in hard-over (5 or more) rock oil and gas drilling has been restricted to the deep development of the technical difficulties . As China's industrialization process accelerated, sustained and mineral resources, security of supply has become a people rich, the country strong and critical national security constraints. For drilling hard rock formations, geological  cutting tools  uses diamond bit drilling and oil and gas drilling industry addition to the traditional method using cone drill bits and diamond drilling, but also gradually got into the hard rock PDC bit carried out research and with bottom drive  abrasive wheels effect. Here will be described separately cone drill bits, diamond drill bits and PDC bits in hard rock drilling Application of the status quo. Two main rock bit tricone rock bit system, shown in Figure 1. Pressure and the rotational force of the drill under the action of gear teeth both  Diamond blade , resulting in a rolling, sliding and shock and vibration effects composite crushed rock, an impact on the rock, crushing and cutting shear, can significantly improve the mechanical drill speed.

Coring drill bit uneven distribution of the cutting surface of the teeth and flutes

Therefore, in the coring process, to ensure diamond cutting teeth rational flow of fluid around to adequately wash and cool the drill bit is very important. Coring drill bit uneven distribution of the cutting  polycrystalline diamond  tooth and the flute, the number of  cubic boron nitride g from a few to a dozen, the jet at the bottom of a very tight space constraints and irregular wall turbulence produces a very complex flow, a method of  synthetic diamond  analysis of this complex flow field distribution is almost impossible, and the flow field of the structure and properties of structural optimization was carried hydraulic drill, improving the basis for cleaning and cooling effect.

Using mathematical statistical method to analyze the PDC cutter force

Coring drill bit is drilling formations, a key tool for core, coring drill merits of the quality will directly affect the quality of coring, core harvest rates and operating costs. Domestic PDC coring drill technology status compared with foreign advanced level there is a big gap, in addition to cutting the material quality of the objective reasons, the lack of scientific design theory and method is a very  abrasive grinding . This article from the PDC cutter force test to start, using mathematical statistical method to analyze the PDC cutter force and lithology, caster angle, the cutting area and the arc length of the relationship, the establishment of PDC coring bit downhole force model; while the PDC coring bit profile  polycrystalline diamond , cloth tooth design methods, downhole flow field analysis methods were studied and discussed; on this basis, in order to force the formation of a  synthetic diamond  for the center to take anti-vortex PDC core bit design methods. Developed three new PDC coring bit in field trials and achieved good results, and its faster core drilling, core harvest rate of 95% or more, has been widely promoted, to obtain a better economic and social benefits.

Deep Exploration costs are normally more expensive drill, drill damage itself caused great economic losses

Deep hard rock drilling about 70% of the time spent on drilling and from the drilling process, the drill once the quality of the accident, will be in the drilling process caused serious losses. Deep Exploration costs are normally more expensive drill, drill damage itself caused great economic losses, the sky is the drill waste a lot of  synthetic diamond powder , identify the cause of the accident to be struggling to replace a suitable replacement drill takes time, these factors delay period, the production plan extension is completed. It can be seen, drill the borehole  Abrasive grinding wheel  is good or bad is very important, in order to reach the drill drill fast, high drilling efficiency purposes, it is necessary to develop efficient, long-life of the drill.

Can be incorporated in a cage inside the atomic electron volatile

Since been found since the fullerene compounds has been rapid development. Currently, the synthesized fullerene carbon cage C atoms majority; However, for those less than fullerenes, due to its high bending geometry , it has a unique electronic properties,  polycrystalline diamond  and physicist attention. experiments confirmed that the cage can be mixed with volatile internal atomic electrons, atoms, or in a cage outside  abrasive wheels , atoms, so that pentagon rule does not meet the independence atypical fullerenes stabilized recently, such as the use of the latter method successfully prepared a new, C atomic ratio less atypical fullerenes, and their structures were  Polycrystalline diamond  biggest feature is adjacent pentagons with Four 8 Cl atoms adsorbed on the two adjacent vertices of the pentagon, and another two Cl atoms adsorbed on the two hexagons - pentagons - hexagon common vertex to form a cage-like structure stable. other hand, has been confirmed experimentally and theoretically, often used to stabilize the same halogen fullerenes.

PDCA cycle consists of four phases

Also known as the Deming Cycle PDCA cycle, is an American quality control expert Deming first proposed, initially for total quality management. PDCA cycle consists of four phases: planning (Plan), execute (Do), check (Check), processing (Act); eight steps: analyze the situation to identify problems, analyze various factors, identify the key factors to  abrasive grinding  , planning, implementation of the action plan to develop, test results, standardization, the legacy of a PDCA cycle to the next question. PDCA cycle can make our way of thinking and working procedures  synthetic diamond powder , systematic, and scientific image, its features are three: Quality management at all levels have a PDCA cycle, the formation of a set of  synthetic diamond , a buckle a ring, mutual restraint, complementary organic whole. In the PDCA cycle, the general said, on a cyclic basis for the next one cycle, the next cycle is a cycle on an implementation and concrete. PDCA cycle as the basic methods of quality management, not only for the whole project, but also to adapt to the entire enterprise and corporate departments, section, team and individuals.

performance appraisal and performance goal setting

Community health status of performance management, performance management Performance management refers to employees, teams or departments conduct and results of evaluation and improvement of the management planning process, refers to the managers and staff at all levels in order to achieve organizational goals to participate in the performance plan formulation, performance coaching communication,  synthetic diamond powder , performance results are applied, performance goals to enhance the sustainable cycle. Performance appraisal is one aspect of performance management, performance appraisal and performance goal setting, performance coaching,  polycrystalline diamond , and application performance management systems constitute the entire process. Community Health performance appraisal in recent years, the national community health performance appraisal very seriously. (Guo Fa [2006] No. 10) further clarified to "improve community health service evaluation system," the researchers of community health service  Abrasive grinding wheel  has greatly improved, the number of published literature is also increasing every year. The country began to community health service institutions to explore the practice of performance appraisal is started in recent years, often in community health services carried out under a comprehensive reform attempts.

Costs or losses may also include the cost of production and non-production costs

Natural human transformation program planning and design process generally reflect maximize efficiency, minimize costs of this basic principle of optimization. Maximize efficiency, minimize costs is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. Benefits may include a variety of benefits, such as economic and  cubic boron nitride  and social benefits; costs or losses may also include the cost of production and non-production costs associated with this or other objectives, such as environmental pollution losses. The overall design of the spacecraft payload, range, thrust and other indicators parameter synthesis is a typical multi-objective  synthetic diamond . Control engineering control system stable, accurate, and fast time-domain indexes and stable region degrees, the system bandwidth frequency domain characteristics of integrated problem is also a multi-objective  Diamond blade  of engineering design problems. There is also in the national economy and social development and long-term development plan optimization and decision making problems.

After determining a iff each city once the shortest route

TSP is given n cities and distances between cities, each city asked to identify a pass if and only if one of the shortest route. It is a typical combinatorial optimization problem, and its consideration of the optimal solution is exponential. polycrystalline diamond  TSP problem is a NP-hard problem. Based on intelligent optimization algorithm for TSP, is  Diamond blade  hot topic in recent years. However, in the scientific management and economic decision-making in many application areas, there are lots of real-world multi-objective optimization problem. For the traveling salesman problem, in practice often taking multiple targets, such as the shortest distance, shortest and most economical cost,  Abrasive grinding , and many other factors. Often exist between conflicting objectives. How to find multiple targets in a fair and reasonable solution is a more complex problem. This paper focuses on multi-objective genetic algorithm for solving TSP problems were studied.

Did not consider the issue of dynamic extent that these assessment criteria difficult to apply practical

DTSP optimization algorithm proposed assessment criteria, but it did not consider the issue of the degree of dynamic change, making these evaluation criteria difficult to apply practical. Therefore, the dynamic multi-objective TSP dynamic measure of the degree becomes more important. Similarly, the multi-objective TSP problem  synthetic diamond powder  degree of conflict between the goals of a great relationship, and there are experimental results show that the greater the degree of conflict, the more optimal solution, so the degree of conflict between the goals is a  abrasive wheels  optimization algorithm for TSP assessment needs to be considered an important issue. Synthetic diamond for multi-objective optimization problems, there have been some analysis of the relationship between objective methods, but these methods are not applicable to discrete multi-objective TSP. How to measure the extent of the problem and the problem of the dynamic correlation between objectives is a serious problem, its study is of great theoretical significance.

Only a few of the dynamic TSP problem or research objectives for TSP

TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem, abbreviated TSP problem) is a combination of mathematics in an old and difficult problem. Dynamic multi-objective TSP problem is proposed in recent years in the TSP problem developed on the new issues, it has both the characteristics of dynamic optimization problems, problems in the constantly  Polycrystalline diamond ; another characteristic of multi-objective optimization problem is often not  grinding wheel  with multiple compare the merits of the solutions exist, to form a solution space. At present, only some of the dynamic TSP problem or multi-objective TSP problem studied, while the dynamic multi-objective TSP problem of nearly blank stage, has yet to see any concrete solution and experimental results of the paper. So study the dynamic multi-objective TSP problem  Synthetic diamond  solution has great significance. Given the conceptual gap, this paper combined with dynamic multi-objective TSP TSP problem and the problem of the concept, the dynamic multi-objective TSP problem concept. In LKH algorithm, based on the first complete propose a method for dynamic multi-objective TSP problem feasible algorithm, but also in the concept of the problem, the algorithm feasibility algorithm performance and other aspects have made some analysis.

Dynamic multi-objective TSP from mobile computing, mobile communications and other applications proposed a new class of

In the scientific management and economic decision-making in many application areas, there are lots of real-world dynamic multi-objective optimization problem. For the traveling salesman problem (Traveling Salesman Problem, TSP), in practice often taking multiple targets, such as the shortest distance, shortest and most economical cost,  synthetic diamond , and many other factors. Often exist between conflicting objectives. How to find multiple targets in a fair and reasonable solution is a more complex problem. In addition, in real life, a large number of multi-objective optimization problem with real-time, the question of the state change over time. These optimization problems in addition to the nature of multiple targets, but also dynamic. Dynamic  Diamond blade  TSP from mobile computing, mobile  abrasive grinding other applications proposed a new class of Np-hard mathematical model, it belongs to one of the latest evolutionary computation field of study. Dynamic multi-objective TSP and TSP is a dynamic combination of multi-objective TSP, as space communications (ground-, air-and space-based communication between each other) a mathematical model in 2004 for the first time put forward. With the classic TSP, static multi-objective TSP, dynamic single objective TSP compared to more complex dynamic multi-objective TSP, with greater challenge.

Element method in the field of reservoir engineering studies focused on homogeneous

Boundary element method as a new type of numerical methods and numerical methods area (finite difference and finite element method) has obvious advantages, but at present the boundary element method in the field of  synthetic diamond  engineering studies focused on homogeneous oil Tibetan areas. Although some foreign scholars studied using the boundary element  polycrystalline diamond  reservoir seepage problems, but about any shape reservoirs and reservoir exists seepage problem impermeable area study also rare. In this paper, based on previous studies, using the boundary element method impervious area containing complex shapes heterogeneous reservoir seepage problem is studied.

In a static environment, or dynamic environment can be a good solution for TSP problem

TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) problem, also known traveling salesman problem, traveling salesman problem, is seen in the many applications of a combinatorial optimization problem. This problem can be simply described as: given a weighted graph G, requires a weighted graph G the right to find a cumulative minimum Ham ilton loop. If the TSP problem between the nodes involved in weight, the number of nodes varies over time, can be called dynamic TSP. Dynamic TSP problem can be widely used in  Abrasive grinding , routing, robot control, vehicle routing, mobile computing and other fields. Author based on dynamic characteristics and requirements of the TSP, the 2-OPT algorithm,3-OPT algorithm and genetic algorithm combine to design and implement a solution to the problem of dynamic TSP algorithm. Through the experiment, the algorithm is proved in a static environment, or  Abrasive grinding wheel  can be a good solution for the TSP problem, and high efficiency. Dynamic characteristics and requirements of the TSP TSP problem with dynamic TSP problems are closely linked, and has its own characteristics. Dynamic TSP problems often have the following characteristics and requirements: ① real time. Dynamic TSP problem is changing, costs between nodes, number of nodes varies over time.

Genetic history and characteristics, theoretical research

Through a lot of trial and numerical examples show comparison algorithm, genetic algorithm optimization of some of the difficulties in question has its own characteristics, this  Abrasive grinding wheel  are feasible and effective. Each chapter is organized as follows: The first chapter discusses the genetic algorithm research. Including genetic algorithm development history and characteristics,  Polycrystalline diamond , constraint handling and fitness evaluation and calibration and GA meetings and seminars. Then the application of genetic algorithms described, focusing on the genetic algorithm described in the structure optimization, and pointed out the problems.

Computational Mechanics and modern design important research direction in the field of manufacturing

Structural optimization design can not only reduce the structural weight and material costs, but also to improve the structural strength, stiffness, vibration, buckling stability and other properties, is the design and manufacture of modern computational  synthetic diamond powder  and important research areas. This research consists of two parts: In the study analyzed the basic grinding wheel  of genetic algorithms and  cubic boron nitride recent research on the genetic algorithm based on structural optimization problem for the special nature and requirements of the genetic algorithm made ​​several improvements. In certain types of structural optimization problems apply this improved genetic algorithm.

In order to give decision alternatives, the algorithm must give a satisfactory solution in a relatively short period of time

The TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem, TSP) is a typical combinatorial optimization problem, has become and will continue to be testing the new algorithm hotspot combinatorial optimization problems. In the traditional TSP problem, the city's size and the distance between cities is fixed, but in practice, the size and cost of the problem is often the vector matrix dynamic changes over time, saying such issues as dynamic TSP. In order to give managers the right decision scheme, the algorithm must be based on real-time information in a relatively short period of time given satisfactory solution. Research on such issues, not only for all types of dynamic  cubic boron nitride  optimization  synthetic diamond  a theoretical reference, but also has a wide range of practical value. As an adaptive genetic algorithm for global optimization probabilistic search algorithm, with simple and universal, robust and strong,  Abrasive grinding  and parallelism, etc., has been successfully applied to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm to solve TSP problems, the main research work and innovation on the TSP problems were analyzed to establish a mathematical model.

Cubic boron nitride in a nitrogen gas through the vacuum heat treatment is carried

Cubic boron nitride because of its high hardness, high thermal stability and high chemical inertness is widely used as an abrasive, (based on the requirements of different conditions of use, to be treated on its particle surface to serve as a polishing powder,  polycrystalline diamond , grinding paste, polishing liquid and resistant lubricant oil dedicated engine running through the cubic boron nitride in a nitrogen gas, a vacuum heat treatment, Synthetic diamond  different temperature and time hBN into cBN law, for the future in the ultra-fine processing polishing powder, polishing paste, polishing liquid and wear lubricants, engine running dedicated lay the foundation for the application of oil.

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is a mesh having a diamond-like structure

Boron nitride is typically covalent Ⅲ-V group compound, wherein hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with lamellar graphite-like structure, cubic boron nitride (cBN) is a diamond-like network structure. And, like diamond, cubic  synthetic diamond  is a lot of excellent  cubic boron nitride in a multi-functional materials, its overall performance even more than diamonds. For example, cBN has a wide band gap (6.4 eV) and excellent thermal conductivity, by doping the N-type, P-type semiconductor, chemical stability and inertia between the high and the iron in the infrared to ultraviolet within the translucent so good.

Used in anti-radiation and high pressure high temperature technology

Boron nitride is an excellent, great development potential and broad application prospects of new broadband semiconductor materials. Its crystal structure There are two main forms: sp ~ 2 hybrid structure of hexagonal boron nitride and sp ~ 3 hybrid structure of cubic boron nitride. Hexagonal boron nitride and graphite similar, with good lubricity, thermal conductivity and thermal stability, and is a very good electrical insulating materials. Very suitable for anti-radiation and high pressure high temperature technology. H-BN has been reported that also has high acoustic  polycrystalline diamond and excellent light transmission surface acoustic wave device as a suitable material for the substrate. Cubic boron nitride has a  synthetic diamond powder  (second only to diamond), a small friction coefficient, good thermal conductivity, excellent chemical stability and high temperature oxidation resistance. The c-BN can be used as an ideal tool coating hard. c-BN film also has excellent electrical properties, such as good insulation, wide band gap, as well as the recent discovery of field electron emission characteristics, so that in high temperature, high-power electronic devices, field emission flat panel displays and other new electronic device field has broad application prospects.

Comparison method is used with the CBN had the same kind of lattice structure

Measured using the comparison method of second-order nonlinear susceptibility CBN rates for the first time got CBN second-order nonlinear susceptibility values. We use the comparative method is the use of the cubic boron nitride has the same kind of lattice structure, the crystal surface through the same crystal orientation,  Polycrystalline diamond  susceptibility was known gallium phosphide material as reference material, in Q-switched pulsed laser as a light source for the second-order nonlinear susceptibility CBN rate  grinding wheel . The use of light and the fundamental theory of  cutting tools  relationship with the reference materials can be obtained by comparison of Gallium Phosphide on Gallium Phosphide CBN and second-order nonlinear susceptibility of the proportional relationship.

cBN crystal in the entire visible spectrum and the infrared and ultraviolet spectral range are very transparent

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) crystal is a natural man does not exist in a wide band gap semiconductor material, the band gap of about 6.3eV, with sphalerite structure, macroscopic symmetry of belonging to a group. cBN crystal in the entire visible spectrum and the infrared and ultraviolet spectral range are very transparent. Therefore, cBN as  synthetic diamond powder  crystal material, will be able to make the second harmonic output  synthetic diamond . The second-order nonlinear susceptibility of the crystal is a measure of one kind of important performance parameters of the nonlinear crystal. Currently, there are about yet found any second-order nonlinear susceptibility CBN measurement research reports.

Synthesis of cubic boron nitride crystals are small

Cubic boron nitride and diamond also has similar physical properties, such as wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, low surface such as negative electron affinity, and cubic boron nitride is one of the few known substances in the diamond lattice constant , crystal structure, surface free energy very similar on both crystalline material. Since CBN is having so many advantages artificial crystal materials,  Synthetic diamond  on the nature of the research more and more people's attention. High quality cubic boron nitride crystals synthesized by high temperature and pressure. Since this method is the synthesis of cubic boron nitride crystals are small, about its electrical properties of facing great difficulties, such as semiconductor  cutting tools  measurements, conductivity measurement, piezoelectric and optical characteristics measurement. To obtain these important  abrasive wheels , can only be measured indirectly or simply to get some relatively qualitative result, although to some extent, reflect the nature of the cubic boron nitride, but the measurement data is not accurate in making these properties.

System Functional Materials Synthesis and Characterization of exploratory work done in the field

From the DC arc plasma under the action of boron nitride phase transition, under extreme conditions, the synthesis of carbon-based porous materials, high temperature and high pressure synthesis CN phase material characterization and high pressure in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction studies of three aspects introduced in BCN System functional Materials Synthesis and Characterization of exploratory work done in the field. First reported in less than one standard atmospheric conditions of high temperature plasmas hexagonal boron nitride to cubic boron nitride phase transition model proposed chemical vapor transport  Abrasive grinding  and kinetics of phase transformation mechanisms were discussed semiquantitative . In the DC arc plasma were prepared porous carbon-based materials, its crystalline structure, morphology and surface-active functional groups a complete Polycrystalline diamond of the microstructure explained and surface functional groups of the formation mechanism. High pressure in the synthesis of a CN material characterization of a variety of means to determine the graphite phase quadrature C3N4 CN phase and a possible presence in this study based on the two phase behavior under high pressure, fitted two-phase isothermal equation of state.

Aluminum as binder, sintering at high temperature and pressure conditions, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride sintered body

Adding an appropriate amount of adhesive may be to promote the sintering, reduce the sintering temperature and pressure required, and can improve the performance of the sintered body. Thus, the synthetic binder PCBN plays an important role. In this paper, a certain  Abrasive grinding  titanium nitride, cobalt and aluminum as a binder, sintering at high temperature and pressure conditions, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride sintered body, the sintering pressure is 5Gpa, the sintering  polycrystalline diamond  range of 1250 ℃ -1650 ℃, the obtained sintered samples were ground and polished observed and analyzed by SEM microstructure of the sintered body, combined with XRD analysis to analyze the sintering mechanism, sintered hardness test.

Wear resistance has a strong directivity, the application is limited

Cubic boron nitride (referred to as CBN) is developed out of the mid-fifties superhard material hardness only to diamond, it has a high hardness, high thermal stability and high chemical inertness, but its hardness, wear resistance, which are highly directionality of application is limited. To compensate for the lack of a single crystal cubic boron nitride, the relevant researchers developed in the seventies  cubic boron nitride cubic boron nitride (referred to as PCBN), which not only has a single crystal of cubic boron nitride of high hardness, high wear resistance, etc. while   polycrystalline diamond of its anisotropy. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride in accordance with the cubic boron nitride particles and a binder composed of a certain percentage of the sintering temperature and pressure conditions.

Found on the individual samples with a static phase delay, the phase delay generated for static analyzes

In experiments using a continuous-wave diode laser at 650nm cBN crystal transverse electro-optical modulator is implemented through the resulting transverse electro-optic modulator half-wave voltage calculated the linear electro-optic crystal cBN tensor and second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor . Since experiments on  Diamond blade  samples found in the static phase delay, phase delay of the generation of static analyzes, and  Abrasive grinding wheel  derivation and calculation, we propose a static phase delay compensation convenient way. In the realization of a transverse electro-optical modulation, the authors examined how the use of tiny size chip octahedral cBN crystal probe applied to the IC as an external electro-optical detection techniques.

To overcome the current lack of large-size single crystal cBN difficulties caused by the investigator

CBN linear electro-optic effect and ultraviolet effects research process and findings. First, two aspects of the theory are described, followed by combining the characteristics of the material itself gives a detailed experimental program, and the experimental  Diamond blade  the main narrative, and finally combined with theoretical analysis of the experimental results. In this thesis, to overcome the current lack of large-size single crystal cBN  synthetic diamond  caused by the investigator, according to the tiny size of the actual shape of cBN crystal devised a cBN crystal tiny considering the size and shape of the octahedral sheet electrode device, in the classic transverse electro-optical modulator based on the structure of the modulator made ​​some adjustments.

Larger band gap, high working temperature

Cubic boron nitride is a synthetic wide band gap semiconductor material, the band gap of 6.4eV, cutoff wavelength of 193nm, suitable for DUV-blind detection. And other materials for UV detection compared with the following advantages: greater band gap, high working temperature; dielectric constant is small, parasitic capacitance, the device fast response; corrosion resistance, high-energy particle radiation, more suitable work in harsh environments; and material breakdown voltage. In addition,  Abrasive grinding wheel  current ultraviolet detector mechanism and structure of the work that the MSM photovoltaic and photoconductive structure type, PN junction, PIN junction compared to advantage. It is the dark current, short response time,  cubic boron nitride , structure process is relatively simple, the material requirements are not demanding. This thesis MSM coplanar electrode structure, by evaporation, photolithography, such peeling of the structure of the sample production process, and the substrate material used in accordance with, the electrode structure produced a variety of different samples, including a glass substrate is substrate as a substrate in a simple mosaic powder samples and to mosaic powder as substrate interdigitated structure sample.

Easily peeled off from the substrate, especially compared to the environment when the film when wet

Because of its unique properties and broad application prospects, cubic boron nitride (cubicboronnitride, cBN) thin films have been functional materials is a hot research field. Currently cubic content (85%) of the boron nitride film by a variety of methods have been in the preparation of certain parameters obtained under the conditions. However, the resulting film generally has a very high stress, the thickness exceeds a specified value (about 300nm) a film is easily peeled off from the substrate, especially when the film when wet than their environment. However, in order to realize its practical application, the film thickness tends to be  Synthetic diamond , No.2 find the above 1μm. Therefore, if you can try a wide range of experimental parameters cubic boron nitride growth, will help select the appropriate  synthetic diamond powder , the thickness was prepared to meet the requirements, application-oriented film. Active self-bias-assisted RF magnetron sputtering target hexagonal boron nitride film was prepared in the working gas were investigated in nitrogen content of the substrate bias voltage and temperature on growth of cubic boron nitride. And reported for cubic boron nitride growth resulting experimental parameter range.

The cubic boron nitride particles and a binder composed of certain proportion

Single crystal cubic boron nitride having a high hardness, high wear resistance, etc., while overcoming the deficiencies of its anisotropy. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride in accordance with the cubic boron nitride particles and a binder composed of a certain percentage of the sintered under high  cutting tools  and pressure, adding an  abrasive wheels  amount of the adhesive may be to promote the sintering, reduce the sintering temperature and pressure required and can improve the performance of the sintered body. Thus, the synthetic binder PCBN plays an important role. With a  Synthetic diamond  of titanium nitride, cobalt, aluminum as a binder, sintering at high temperature and pressure conditions, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride sintered body, the sintering pressure is 5Gpa, the sintering temperature range of 1250 ℃ -1650 ℃, the obtained sintered body samples polishing.

In order to obtain a good crystal, crystals of a different nature, usually choose different additives

During the preparation of the material often used additives. Its purpose is to change the material sometimes certain characteristics, such as improving the mechanical strength of the crystal to change the color of the crystal, to obtain different crystalline forms, etc.; sometimes synthetic materials in order to promote,  synthetic diamond powder  the temperature of the synthesis pressure. In the high-pressure synthesis, the additive has a special and important role. Proper use of the additive material will  Abrasive grinding wheel successful synthesis of the basic guarantee, because the extreme pressure conditions used is limited. In the synthesis of cubic boron nitride in order to obtain a good crystal, crystals of a different nature, usually choose different additives. Among them, the most commonly used, but also the most important are those which promote the synthesis of additive material.

Majority of elemental metal or alloy which is difficult to effectively wetting and bonding

However, diamond is non-metallic material, which metal (or alloy) between strength, hardness, elastic modulus, and other aspects of the structure there is a big difference, especially the interfacial energy between the two so high that the vast most  polycrystalline diamond  metal or alloy which is difficult to effectively wetting and adhesion of diamond particles, the bonding is weak, limiting its scope of application. Therefore, the study of diamond and bond issues interfacial  Diamond blade  the metal and composite mechanism has a special significance. Given the current  abrasive wheels  polycrystalline diamond composite research status and problems to Hunan Provincial Natural Science Fund Project "polycrystalline diamond composite interface and composite Mechanism" (Project No. 00JJY2044) relying on the guidance of instructors and launched on the basis of previous work of this thesis.

Ultrasonic machining progressive development in recent decades and application of a new processing method

Ultrasonic machining is the progressive development and application in recent decades, a new processing method, not only can be processed carbide, hardened steel and other hard and brittle metal material, and is more suitable for the semiconductor and non-conductive non-metallic brittle materials (such as diamond , semiconductor silicon, germanium films and ceramics, glass, etc.). use of ultrasonic vibration processing method for processing polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die has been recognized by domestic and foreign experts and scholars, in the process to the tool along with regular, controlled ultrasonic frequency vibration, thus driving the abrasive slurry material to be processed surface of the impact, so as to achieve the purpose of removing material, the effect of ultrasonic machining tools and depends largely on the merits of the relative trajectory drawing die is reasonable in the processing tool during the machining surface should be uniform processing path and achieve good coverage. trajectory of processing and computer simulation on the basis of the processing parameters can be optimized to improve processing efficiency and facilitate the rational use of processing equipment, for mechanical further optimization of the structure to provide effective guidance.

The polycrystalline diamond drawing die hole designed as a "straight"

Under normal circumstances the polycrystalline diamond drawing die hole designed as a "straight", the hole is divided into six regions, namely the entrance area, lubrication area, work area, sizing area, inverted cone zones, export zone, the hole structure shown in Figure 1.  abrasive grinding  diamond wire drawing die hole structure diagram Currently, there are based on one-dimensional axisymmetric statics to analyze polycrystalline diamond and metal wire force status are  Diamond blade . But in the actual drawing process, because the wire drawing die of the subject of the role of cell walls in the direction of the non-uniform three-dimensional plastic  cutting tools  of the wire within the radial flow and shear strain exists, this will inevitably result in cross-section distortion, so that the internal stress distribution was uneven. Simple one-dimensional axial static analysis does not reflect the polycrystalline diamond wire drawing dies and the force between the actual situation. In order to analyze the process of drawing wire in the internal tensile stress suffered and suffered polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die hole is equivalent to the actual state of stress.

Mold manufacturing technology is a special technique

There superhard polycrystalline diamond drawing die wear characteristics, drawing life over Carbide drawing dies 200 times more than natural diamond drawing die life is 5 times more. This kind of mold manufacturing technology is of special techniques,  synthetic diamond powder  great  cutting tools  to its research and development. Drawing drawing die is an important tool for a variety of metal wire, in order to obtain stable speed of pulling wire of precise dimensions and surface quality, the drawing die without quality can not be realized.

Polycrystalline diamond tools EDM technology

It is the participating countries and scale of the impact is one of the larger international invention exhibition. By the National Science and Technology Commission and the National Federation of Trade Unions delegation to China Association of  polycrystalline diamond  in the name for the first time invited to participate in April 19, 1985 to 28 in Geneva, Switzerland at the 13th World Exhibition of new invention . The country participating nineteen invention is SSTC with a positive, cautious,  cutting tools  approach, through access to the world after the patent literature carefully selected. Nineteen projects in three is to obtain the National Invention Award projects,  grinding wheel  "polycrystalline diamond tools EDM technology" in 1984 won the National Invention Award second.